It was quite common for vehicles, both cars and tractors , and for that matter large bore domestic central heating , to operate on the siphonic principle. If your engine has a pressurised system ( spring loaded radiator or filling cap) the pressure raises the boiling point to allow the engine to operate more efficiently at a higher temperature than if it had a system open to atmospher.
So unless your unpumped system was showing signs of boiling, it is quite possible that it was operating correctly . The presence of the pump’s impeller may well be having an adverse effect.